Are Islamic investments a scam? Kazakh online gurus and pyramid schemes

Social media has dramatically expanded the reach of the information business in Kazakhstan. People are constantly offered courses and training programmes that promise to teach them how to build a business from scratch, travel for next to nothing, invest money successfully, or even improve their personal lives — all within a short period of time. Yet no one can guarantee the promised results. How can you avoid becoming a victim of fraudsters? How can you protect not only your money, but also your physical and mental well-being? Who is most likely to fall for these schemes? What new tactics have scammers developed? And what restrictions, if any, should the state impose on infobusiness entrepreneurs?