Phone scammers: fraud schemes and tricks. How can you protect yourself?

Is Kazakhstan experiencing a surge in phone fraud? What proven tactics do scammers use, what phrases help them gain trust, and which emotions do they exploit? Why do people continue to believe them despite countless warnings? How should you respond, what questions should you ask, and what steps can you take to avoid handing over your savings? And most importantly, how can you protect your loved ones from fraudsters?